What is Subfertility
Subfertility is a condition characterized by a reduced ability to conceive, distinct from sterility. It is often a temporary and treatable problem. Recognizing its causes and undertaking a diagnostic path is the first fundamental step.
Main Causes and Risk Factors
The causes can be varied and sometimes coexist. Among the most common are:
• Ovulatory Disorders: Such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), which disrupt the release of eggs.
• Tubal Factors: Blockage or damage to the Fallopian tubes, often due to infections or endometriosis.
• Endometriosis: A condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, affecting egg quality and implantation.
• Age: The ovarian reserve and egg quality physiologically decline with age.
• Lifestyle: Smoking, alcohol, excessive stress, and unbalanced body weight (both overweight and underweight) can compromise fertility.
The Fundamental Importance of Nutrition
A balanced diet is a powerful ally for fertility. A Mediterranean-style diet, rich in antioxidants (colorful fruits and vegetables), healthy fats (olive oil, nuts, oily fish), lean proteins, and fiber, helps to:
• Regulate ovulation and hormonal balance.
• Improve egg quality.
• Reduce systemic inflammation.
• Maintain a healthy body weight.
The Supporting Role of Food Supplements
In specific cases and always under medical advice, some supplements can offer benefits by supporting crucial biological processes:
• Folic Acid and B Vitamins: Essential for cell division and DNA synthesis.
• Inositol: Particularly studied for PCOS, it helps improve insulin sensitivity and ovulatory regularity.
• Coenzyme Q10 and Antioxidants (Vit. C, Vit. E, Selenium): Protect eggs from oxidative stress, supporting their quality, especially in women over 35.
• Vitamin D: Low levels have been linked to ovulatory issues.
• Omega-3 (DHA/EPA): Support cellular health and help reduce inflammation.
Conclusions
Addressing subfertility requires a multidisciplinary approach. Specialized medical evaluation remains essential. However, adopting a healthy lifestyle, with proper nutrition and targeted supplementation, can create a more favorable "fertile ground" for conception, supporting any medical treatments.
